In a landmark trial, South Korean prosecutors have called for the death penalty for former President Yoon Suk Yeol, who stands accused of attempting to impose martial law in December 2024. The trial, which has captivated the nation, is the first insurrection case against a former Korean head of state in three decades.

Allegations of Insurrection

Yoon, who was impeached and removed from office in April 2025, faces charges of leading an insurrection, a grave offense under South Korean law. Prosecutors argue that Yoon's actions were a direct assault on the country's constitutional order and posed a significant threat to public safety. They claim that Yoon's intent was to monopolize power through long-term rule, a move that could have destabilized the nation.

Failed Martial Law Attempt

The crisis unfolded on the night of December 3, 2024, when Yoon allegedly ordered troops to prevent lawmakers from voting to lift his martial law declaration. The six-hour standoff ended when 190 MPs managed to pass an emergency resolution, forcing Yoon to back down. This dramatic sequence of events led to his impeachment on December 14 and eventual removal from office.

Prosecutors' Arguments

During closing arguments at the Seoul Central District Court, prosecutors described Yoon's actions as a "serious destruction of constitutional order by anti-state forces." They highlighted evidence, including notebooks and mobile phone memos, that suggested plans to torture election officials and disrupt media outlets. Prosecutors emphasized Yoon's lack of remorse and his continued blame on the opposition as aggravating factors.

Legal Context and Historical Precedents

The charges against Yoon echo past insurrection trials, such as those against military dictators Chun Doo-hwan and Roh Tae-woo in 1996. While South Korea has not executed anyone since 1997, the country remains a "de facto abolitionist" state. The court's verdict, expected on February 19, will determine whether the severe penalties sought by prosecutors will be upheld.